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The Building Blocks of Logic: A Guide to JavaScript Loops and Conditionals

The Building Blocks of Logic: A Guide to JavaScript Loops and Conditionals

In programming, a program's true power comes from its ability to make decisions and repeat actions. **Conditionals** and **loops** are the fundamental building blocks of this logic in JavaScript. **Conditionals** (like `if`/`else`) allow your code to execute different blocks of code based on whether a condition is true or false. **Loops** (like `for`/`while`) allow you to repeat a block of code multiple times. Mastering these two concepts is essential for writing dynamic and functional JavaScript applications.

Conditional Statements: if, else if, and else

An `if` statement is used to execute a block of code only if a specified condition is true. The `else if` and `else` clauses allow you to handle multiple possible outcomes. The syntax is straightforward:

let score = 85;

if (score >= 90) {
  console.log("You got an A!");
} else if (score >= 80) {
  console.log("You got a B.");
} else {
  console.log("You need to study more!");
}

In this example, the code will check each condition in order and execute the first block that evaluates to true.

Looping through Code: for and while

Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly. The most common loops are the `for` loop and the `while` loop.

  • for loop: Best for when you know exactly how many times you want to loop.
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  console.log("The number is " + i);
}
  • while loop: Best for when you want to loop as long as a certain condition remains true.
let i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
  console.log("The number is " + i);
  i++;
}

By combining conditionals and loops, you can write powerful, expressive code that can handle a wide variety of logical tasks, from iterating through an array to validating user input.

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